"Satanic Tongues" in Paradise Lost?
Yesterday's post considered Adam's idolatrous love for Eve in Milton's Paradise Lost, a devotion so vehement that Milton describes it as "uxorious" in his Christian Doctrine (John Carey, translator, Complete Prose Works of John Milton, Volume 6, Maurice Kelley, editor (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1973), page 383). Milton presents this love as having led Adam very far astray, as we already know.
Today's post picks up on my still-developing article immediately after the section posted yesterday:
If Adam is idolizing Eve, then he is guilty of idolatry, and from our investigation above, his actions would seem to constitute precisely that sort of religious error. Further to this point, as we have already seen, he characterizes Eve as "holy" and even calls her "divine":Despite all of this mental conturbation -- if I may coin a Carrollean portmanteau word -- Adam is "not deceav'd" but is rationalizing "Against his better knowledge" (PL 9.998), allowing his reason to be led astray by his vehement, idolatrous love for Eve that expresses itself in a Satanic tongue . . . as Milton sees things, of course.O fairest of Creation, last and bestNote how this putatively still unfallen, vocative address by Adam to Eve recalls Eve's own fallen, vocative, idolatrous address to the Tree of Knowledge:
Of all Gods works, Creature in whom excell'd
Whatever can to sight or thought be formd,
Holy, divine, good, amiable, or sweet! (PL 9.896-9)O Sovran, vertuous, precious of all TreesShe concludes her idolatrous address by literally worshipping the tree, or perhaps the power within:
In Paradise, of operation blest
To Sapience . . . (PL 9.795-7)So saying, from the Tree her step she turnd,Her idolatry is thus paralleled by Adam's idolatry, his worship of Eve, and note that immediately following this passage in which Eve worships the tree comes the passage in which Adam weaves the garland for Eve as if he were a mere reaper honoring the revered "Harvest Queen."
But first low Reverence don, as to the power
That dwelt within, whose presence had infus'd
Into the plant sciential sap, deriv'd
From Nectar, drink of Gods. (PL 9.834-838)
Moreover, Adam's overpraise of Eve in his thoughts recalls the satanically possessed serpent's similar overpraise (cf. PL 9.615):Fairest resemblance of thy Maker faire,In unsuspectingly echoing the diabolical serpent's words, Adam effectively speaks with the serpent's tongue and thereby reveals his own already falling mind, for only seven lines down from calling Eve "holy" and "divine," Adam concludes that some enemy has ruined not only her but "mee with thee hath ruind, for with thee / Certain my resolution is to Die" (PL 9.906-7). Adam's mind falls still further as he soon begins to question whether breaking God's command was really wrong since the serpent had already touched the tree and eaten its fruit and further to question if death really will follow as the consequence.
Thee all things living gaze on, all things thine
By gift, and thy Celestial Beautie adore
With ravishment beheld, there best beheld
Where universally admir'd; but here
In this enclosure wild, these Beasts among,
Beholders rude, and shallow to discerne
Half what in thee is fair, one man except,
Who sees thee? (and what is one?) who shouldst be seen
A Goddess among Gods, ador'd and serv'd
By Angels numberless, thy daily Train. (PL 9.538-548)
Labels: Adam and Eve, Christian Doctrine, Idolatry, John Milton, Paradise Lost
9 Comments:
A question? Why is Adam's harvest garland the first object to show decay in Eden? His symbol of Eve is the first to be tainted with mortality (9:893). Does this reflect on the nature/unnatural act of the garland?
Possibly, but perhaps the garland decays because it has been plucked, which is now deadly. I had wondered about this. I can speculate, I suppose, in my article.
Jeffery Hodges
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No matter how this discussion goes, I just see the poem making the case for the status, women have enjoyed for the past thousands of years.
I hope you don't think I am trying to trash your paper.
Hathor, you needn't worry. I know that you're not trashing my paper. Milton definitely believed men to be higher in status than women, and we certainly don't have to agree with him about that just because we're pointing it out.
I wish that Milton had a different view, of course, but to paraphrase a great military mind of recent times, we have to go to battle with the Milton that we have, not the one that we don't have.
On the other hand, the Milton that we have is somewhat elusive, for there are some ironies to his depiction of Eve. As Eshuneutics has noted, Eve seems the finer poet. Was that intentional on Milton's part? Well ... probably. Milton had astonishing control over his project. Why would he make Eve a better poet? To show that in some ways, Eve was superior to Adam? Milton's muse, after all, was female. And Milton gave poetry rather high status, or he wouldn't have written a theodicy as an epic poem.
And Eve, being deceived by an astonishing, articulate snake in a perfect garden ... well, she can hardly be blamed for succumbing only after putting up resistance where Adam succumbs so easily to someone he knew to be wrong.
So, there are ironies, and a paper on those someday might be appropriate...
By the way, I like your new image.
Jeffery Hodges
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You're welcome. It brightened up my day even more than your eyes alone did.
Jeffery Hodges
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Hello, Jeffery, hope the first day back has gone well. Here are the actual details, slightly different to those before because I was working from memory.
The book's page number is p.280.
The book states that the most probable first mention of a Harvest Queen was "circa 1598",
at Windsor, by a visitor to England-- PAUL HENTZER. He reported seeing a cart with the last load of hay. The cart was decorated with a "crown" of flowers" and "an image richly dressed." The quoted words are from Hentzer. Roud does not state his source for the quotation, but the source is "Travels in England during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth". There was no translation of this (from the Latin)? until 1797.
http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=424290790&searchurl=sts%3Dt%26tn%3Dtravels%2Bin%2Bengland%2Bduring%2Bthe%2Breign%2Bof%2Bqueen%2Belizabeth%26x%3D89%26y%3D13
The book is in print today, so seems a well known historical source.
Kinds regards.
Thanks, Eshuneutics. I've now added these details to my article.
Jeffery Hodges
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the falling of the garland symbolizes the fallen state of eve, and can also repersent his lost of love toward eve. the fact that all the petals had fallen off showed that eve's sin has tainted her and now she is also seen as deflowered
Thanks, Chandra, for the comment. I believe that you're mostly correct, though I think that Adam still loves Eve, and I'd add that the wilting garland also signifies the fall of nature.
Jeffery Hodges
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